Cybersecurity refers to the practice of protecting computers, networks, systems, data, and programs from unauthorized access, attacks, damage, or disruption. It encompasses a wide range of technologies, processes, and practices designed to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of digital assets and information.

Common types of cyber attacks include phishing, malware attacks, ransomware, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks, SQL injection, and cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, among others.

A firewall is a network security device or software that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external networks, such as the internet, helping to prevent unauthorized access and cyber attacks.

A virus is a specific type of malware that spreads by attaching itself to files or programs, whereas malware (short for malicious software) is a broader term encompassing various types of malicious software such as viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, spyware, and adware.